Short answer: the ROC generally allows its nationals to hold another nationality, so Taiwanese who become US citizens generally don’t automatically lose ROC nationality and can hold both passports. But dual nationals face limits on some public offices, and the US has its own oath and tax duties.
The rules on each side
| Republic of China | United States | |
|---|---|---|
| Dual nationality | Generally allowed | No requirement to give up your nationality |
| Losing nationality | Only by applying, with approval | Holding a Taiwan passport doesn’t end US citizenship |
| Limits | Some public offices require no foreign nationality | The naturalisation oath |
| Tax | Taiwan tax residence rules | US citizens generally file US taxes wherever they live |
Common situations
- Most professionals and business people: can keep both passports.
- Civil servants and elected representatives: foreign nationality is restricted — check the rules first.
- Travel: use the Taiwan passport for Taiwan and the US passport for the US.
US citizenship requirements
Five years with a green card, physically present about half that time, and English and civics tests — see from green card to citizenship.
Points to note
- US citizens generally report worldwide income, even living in Taiwan.
- Children born in the US are US citizens; those born in Taiwan can claim citizenship under the rules.
- For sons, see military service for Taiwanese men.
General information only, not legal advice. Read more: what Chinese, Hong Kong and Taiwanese residents should know.