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North America
United States
A US green card can come through investment, personal achievement or employer sponsorship. Here we compare the six main routes to help you find the best fit for your family.
United States: the routes at a glance
US employment-based immigration has five categories. EB-5 grants green cards through investment, with no education, English or work-experience requirements; EB-1A and EB-2 NIW suit people with achievements or advanced degrees and need no employer or investment; EB-2 and EB-3 require US employer sponsorship. Every route leads to a US green card (permanent residence); the main applicant, spouse and unmarried children under 21 can apply together, and backlogs are based on place of birth.
United States: routes compared
| Programme | Investment / main requirement | Status gained | Typical time | Suits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US EB-5 Investor Immigration | USD 800,000 (TEA) / USD 1,050,000 | Green card | I-526E usually about 12–24 months | Families with funds who want to immigrate without education or employment requirements |
| US EB-1A Extraordinary Ability | No investment; self-petition | Green card | I-140 premium processing (15 working days); green card depends on backlog | People with international or national acclaim in their field |
| US EB-2 NIW National Interest Waiver | No investment; self-petition | Green card | I-140 premium processing (45 working days); green card depends on backlog | Researchers, doctors and professionals with a master’s degree |
| US EB-2 Advanced Degree / Exceptional Ability | No investment; US employer sponsorship | Green card | Labour certification, then the visa backlog | Highly qualified people already hired by a US employer |
| US EB-3 Skilled Worker | No investment; US employer sponsorship | Green card | Labour certification, then the visa backlog | Professionals with a bachelor’s degree or two years’ relevant experience |
| US EB-3 Unskilled Worker | No investment; US employer sponsorship | Green card | Labour certification; backlog generally longer | People without formal qualifications willing to take a specified job |
Information as at September 2026, for reference only; actual requirements are subject to each government’s latest announcements.
How to choose
Which route suits you?
- Funds available and certainty wantedEB-5 investor immigration — no education, English or work-experience requirements, with a more predictable timeline.
- Outstanding achievements or an advanced degreeEB-1A or EB-2 NIW — no employer or investment, with premium processing available.
- An existing US job offerEB-2 or EB-3 — employer-sponsored, with labour certification.
United States
All programmes
US investment immigrationUS EB-5 Investor ImmigrationObtain US green cards through a qualifying investment — the main applicant, spouse and unmarried children under 21 all become US permanent residents.Explore the programmeUS talent immigrationUS EB-1A Extraordinary AbilityPeople with sustained national or international acclaim in their field can self-petition for a US green card — no employer or investment needed.Explore the programmeUS talent immigrationUS EB-2 NIW National Interest WaiverProfessionals with advanced degrees or exceptional ability, whose work serves the US national interest, can self-petition for a green card — no employer or labour certification.Explore the programmeUS employer-sponsored immigrationUS EB-2 Advanced Degree / Exceptional AbilityPeople with a master’s degree or equivalent, or exceptional ability, can obtain a green card through US employer sponsorship.Explore the programmeUS employer-sponsored immigrationUS EB-3 Skilled WorkerPeople with a bachelor’s degree or at least two years of relevant experience can obtain a green card through US employer sponsorship.Explore the programmeUS employer-sponsored immigrationUS EB-3 Unskilled WorkerNo education or experience requirements — a US employer offers a permanent full-time job and sponsors your green card.Explore the programme
Free download: 2026 GI World Immigration Guide
One guide to investment, talent and business immigration in the US, Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, plus citizenship by investment: requirements, amounts, processing times and how to choose. Leave your email and we’ll send it straight to your inbox.
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FAQ
What is the fastest way to immigrate to the US?
It depends on your background. EB-1A and EB-2 NIW petitions can use premium processing, and Taiwan-born EB-5 applicants generally face no backlog. Actual timing needs an individual assessment.
Is the backlog based on nationality or place of birth?
Place of birth. Taiwan-born applicants generally face no backlog; mainland China-born applicants wait longer in some categories.
What are the age rules for children?
Children must be under 21 and unmarried to be included as dependants; if a child is close to 21, assess the Child Status Protection Act (CSPA) calculation early.
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